1973 - 1988
1973
The October War between Israel and the Arab states broke out.
1974
The Arab Summit in Rabat recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. At the United Nations General Assembly, the UN reaffirmed its commitment to an independent sovereign state in Palestine and gave the PLO observer status at the United Nations. Yasser Arafat, chairman of the PLO, addressed the General Assembly of the United Nations.
1978
Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David Agreement under the auspices of the United States.
1982
Israel invaded Lebanon with the aim of destroying the PLO. Tens of thousands were killed and made homeless in the wake of the invasion which culminated in the massacres of Sabra and Shatilla.
1983
The United Nations called for the convening of a Peace Conference with the participation of the PLO on an equal footing with the other delegates as the legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.
1987
The 18th Session of the Palestine National Council (PNC) supported the convening of a UN- sponsored conference. In December the Intifada-the Palestine Uprising - in the Occupied Territories began.
1988
Abu Jihad, Palestinian leader, was gunned down in his home in Tunis on 14April by the Israeli Mossad.
July 31
Jordanian disengagement - King Hussein of Jordan said he no longer considered the West Bank as part of his kingdom.
November 15
The PNC meeting in Algiers declared the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181.
December 9
British Junior Foreign Minister William Waldegrave met with Bassam Abu Sharif President Arafat's adviser, thus upgrading Britain's relations with the PLO.
Following the US government refusing President Arafat a visa to enter the US, the UN General Assembly held a special session on the question of Palestine in Geneva.
US/PLO dialogue began
Showing posts with label Palestine or Israel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Palestine or Israel. Show all posts
Friday, November 30, 2007
Thursday, November 29, 2007
Brief history of Arab Israeli conflict (II)
1919 - 1967
1919
The Palestinians convened their first National Conference and expressed their opposition to the Balfour Declaration.
1920
The San Remo Conference granted Britain a mandate over Palestine and two years later Palestine was effectively under British administration, and Sir Herbert Samuel, a declared Zionist, was sent as Britain's first High Commissioner to Palestine.
1922
The Council of the League of Nations issued a Mandate for Palestine. The Mandate was in favor of the establishment for the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine.
1936
The Palestinians held a six-month General Strike to protest against the confiscation of land and Jewish immigration.
1939
The British government published a new White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering independence for Palestine within ten years. This was rejected by the Zionists, who then organized terrorist groups and launched a bloody campaign against the British and the Palestinians. The aim was to drive them both out of Palestine and to pave the way for the establishment of the Zionist state.
1947
The United Nations approved the partition under which the Palestinian Arabs, who accounted for 70% of the population and owned 92% of the land, were allocated 47% of the country. (UN resolution 181)
1948
British forces withdrew from Palestine in May and the Zionists proclaimed the state of Israel without defining its borders. Arab armies moved to defend the Palestinians.
1949
A cease fire was finally agreed. The Zionists controlled 77% of Palestinian land and over 1 million Palestinians were forced to leave their country. The West Bank was put under Jordanian control and the Gaza Strip under Egyptian control.
1964
The Palestine Liberation Organization was established.
1965
The Palestine 'Revolution' began on 1 January.
1967
Israel launched a new war against the Arabs and seized the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula.
1919
The Palestinians convened their first National Conference and expressed their opposition to the Balfour Declaration.
1920
The San Remo Conference granted Britain a mandate over Palestine and two years later Palestine was effectively under British administration, and Sir Herbert Samuel, a declared Zionist, was sent as Britain's first High Commissioner to Palestine.
1922
The Council of the League of Nations issued a Mandate for Palestine. The Mandate was in favor of the establishment for the Jewish people a homeland in Palestine.
1936
The Palestinians held a six-month General Strike to protest against the confiscation of land and Jewish immigration.
1939
The British government published a new White Paper restricting Jewish immigration and offering independence for Palestine within ten years. This was rejected by the Zionists, who then organized terrorist groups and launched a bloody campaign against the British and the Palestinians. The aim was to drive them both out of Palestine and to pave the way for the establishment of the Zionist state.
1947
The United Nations approved the partition under which the Palestinian Arabs, who accounted for 70% of the population and owned 92% of the land, were allocated 47% of the country. (UN resolution 181)
1948
British forces withdrew from Palestine in May and the Zionists proclaimed the state of Israel without defining its borders. Arab armies moved to defend the Palestinians.
1949
A cease fire was finally agreed. The Zionists controlled 77% of Palestinian land and over 1 million Palestinians were forced to leave their country. The West Bank was put under Jordanian control and the Gaza Strip under Egyptian control.
1964
The Palestine Liberation Organization was established.
1965
The Palestine 'Revolution' began on 1 January.
1967
Israel launched a new war against the Arabs and seized the West Bank and Gaza Strip, the Syrian Golan Heights and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula.
Wednesday, November 28, 2007
وقع على بيان إدانة مؤتمر أنابوليس
نحن الموقعون أدناه نعلن رفضنا الكامل لمؤتمر أنا بوليس للأسباب الآتية:
أولا: نحن لا نقبل المتاجرة بقضية فلسطين للتغطية على فشل الولايات المتحدة في حروبها غير المشروعة ضد العراق.
ثانيا: إن حضور الحكومات العربية تحت الضغط الأمريكي الصهيوني لا يعني بالمرة موافقة شعوب الدول التي تمثلها الحكومات على حضور هذا المؤتمر، وإن إدارة الولايات المتحدة تعلم تمام العلم أن إرادة الشعوب العربية لا تلتقي أبدا وأطماع حكوماتها.
ثالثا: إن الإعلان والدعوة لهذا المؤتمر أغفلا تماما الحق الفلسطيني في أرض فلسطين، وحق عودة اللاجئين، وتأسيس الفلسطينيين لدولة ذات سيادة حرة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف.
رابعا: أننا شعوب غير عنصرية ولا تعترف بالكيانات العنصرية ولا تعتبرها دولة، ونحن إذ نعبر عن ازدرائنا لاستشراء العنصرية مع سيادة ثقافة العولمة، نرفض كل محاولات الولايات المتحدة الأمريكة لإدراجنا ضمن التصنيفات العنصرية وإجبارنا على الاعتراف بكيانات عنصرية، ونظل نرفض الكيان الصهيوني ولا نعتبره دولة، ونصر على أن المعاهدات التي وقعتها الحكومات العربية غير الشرعية هي غير ملزمة للشعوب التي لم تختر حكوماتها.
خامسا: إن الهدف الرئيسي من مؤتمر أنابوليس هو تكوين جبهة من الحكومات العربية، تتناسى الحق الفلسطيني، وتنفذ مخطط الولايات المتحدة الاستعماري المسمى بالشرق الأوسط الجديد، وأن تخوض هذه الحكومات العربية حربا بالوكالة عن الولايات المتحدة وإسرائيل ضد إيران وضد حركات مقاومة الاحتلال.
وحيث أننا نعلن رفضنا لهذا المؤتمر ولكل المخططات الإمبرالية الأمريكية الصهيونية، فإننا ندرج هنا ماطلبنا:
– تحرير كامل التراب الفلسطيني من الاحتلال الصهيوني وتأسيس دولة فلسطينية حرة مستقلة وعاصمتها القدس الشريف. 2-
عودة كافة اللاجئين الفلسطينيين من أراضي الشتات إلى أرض فلسطين. 3- خروج كافة القوات الاحتلال من كل دول المنطقة: فلسطين، العراق، أفغانستان، المملكة العربية السعودية، الكويت، البحرين، قطر، الإمارات، الجولان. 4 – رفع الحصار عن الشعب الفلسطيني. 5 – رفع يد الهيمنة الأمريكية من المنطقة؛ فنحن لا نريد المعونة الأمريكية، ولا نريد الدعم الأمريكي للحكومات الديكتاتورية في المنطقة، ولا نريد التدخل الأمريكي الذي يزكي الحس الطائفي في منطقتنا، ولا نريد التدخل الأمريكي لحماية الكيان الصهيوني في المنطقة، ولا نريد أن يستغل الاحتلال الأمريكي بترولنا ومواردنا، ولا نريد من الولايات المتحدة خيرا ولا شرا. بل نريد أن نبني بلادنا بجهودنا وكفاءاتنا ومواردنا دون التدخل من أي قوة خارجية. نريد حقنا في تقرير مصيرنا. 6- نحن نرفض إقامة دولة "يهودية" في منطقتنا تقوم على أساس عنصري، فنحن نعترف بكل الأديان ونمنح حق المواطنة للمواطنين بصرف النظر عن دينهم ومعتقدهم، ونرفض وجود الكيان العنصري الصهيوني في منطقتنا وعلى أرضنا، يقتل نساءنا وأطفالنا، ويحتل أراضينا ويبني عليها مستوطنات عنصري على مرآى ومسمع من العالم.
ما نطلبه هو حق لنا بموجب الإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان والذي ينص على: المادة 1 يولد جميع الناس أحراراً متساوين في الكرامة
والحقوق، وقد وهبوا عقلاً وضميراً وعليهم أن يعامل بعضهم بعضاً بروح الإخاء. المادة 2 لكل إنسان حق التمتع بكافة الحقوق والحريات الواردة في هذا الإعلان، دون أي تمييز، كالتمييز بسبب العنصر أو اللون أو الجنس أو اللغة أو الدين أو الرأي السياسي أو أي رأي آخر، أو الأصل الوطني أو الاجتماعي أو الثروة أو الميلاد أو أي وضع آخر، دون أية تفرقة بين الرجال والنساء. وفضلا عما تقدم فلن يكون هناك أي تمييز أساسه الوضع السياسي أو القانوني أو الدولي لبلد أو البقعة التي ينتمي إليها الفرد سواء كان هذا البلد أو تلك البقعة مستقلا أو تحت الوصاية أو غير متمتع بالحكم الذاتي أو كانت سيادته خاضعة لأي قيد من القيود. المادة 3 لكل فرد الحق في الحياة والحرية وسلامة شخصه. ووفقا لإعلان منح الاستقلال للبلدان والشعوب المستعمرة اعتمد ونشر علي الملأ بموجب قرار الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة 1514 (د-15) المؤرخ في 14 كانون الأول/ديسمبر 1960 والذي يعلنما يلي: 1. إن إخضاع الشعوب لاستعباد الأجنبي وسيطرته واستغلاله يشكل إنكارا لحقوق الإنسان الأساسية، ويناقض ميثاق الأمم المتحدة، ويعيق قضية السلم والتعاون العالميين، 2. لجميع الشعوب الحق في تقرير مصيرها، ولها بمقتضى هذا الحق أن تحدد بحرية مركزها السياسي وتسعي بحرية إلي تحقيق إنمائها الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي، 3. لا يجوز أبدا أن يتخذ نقص الاستعداد في الميدان السياسي أو الاقتصادي أو الاجتماعي أو التعليمي ذريعة لتأخير الاستقلال، 4. يوضع حد لجميع أنواع الأعمال المسلحة أو التدابير القمعية، الموجهة ضد الشعوب التابعة، لتمكينها من الممارسة الحرة والسلمية لحقها في الاستقلال التام، وتحترم سلامة ترابها الوطني، 5. يصار فورا إلي اتخاذ التدابير اللازمة، في الأقاليم المشمولة بالوصاية أو الأقاليم غير المتمتعة بالحكم الذاتي، أو جميع الأقاليم الأخرى التي لم تنل بعد استقلالها، لنقل جميع السلطات إلي شعوب تلك الأقاليم، دون أية شروط أو تحفظات، ووفقا لإرادتها ورغبتها المعرب عنهما بحرية، دون تمييز بسبب العرق أو المعتقد أو اللون، لتمكينها من التمتع بالاستقلال والحرية التامين، 6. كل محاولة تستهدف التقويض الجزئي أو الكلي للوحدة القومية والسلامة الإقليمية لبلد ما تكون متنافية ومقاصد ميثاق الأمم المتحدة ومبادئه، 7. تلتزم جميع الدول بأمانة ودقة أحكام ميثاق الأمم المتحدة، والإعلان العالمي لحقوق الإنسان وهذا الإعلان علي أساس المساواة وعدم التدخل في الشؤون الداخلية لجميع الدول، واحترام حقوق السيادة والسلامة الإقليمية لجميع الشعوب.
Annapolis against our will
To: President Georg W.Bush, White House, Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice, United Nations, UK Government, Security Council
We the undersigned declare our rejection to Annapolis Summit for the following reasons:
First: we repudiate the exploitation of the Palestinian cause to conceal the United States’ failure in its illegitimate imperialist invasion to Iraq. Second: Arab governments attended this summit under the pressure of the United States. The governmental capitulation to the United States does not mean by any means that it articulates the will of Arab people. The United States is aware of the contradiction between Arab people will and its governments’ gluttonies.
Third: The announcement and invitation to this conference, completely ignore the Palestinian right in the land of Palestine, the right of return of refugees, the establishment of a free, independent and sovereign Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital.
Forth: Arab people resent racism, we do not recognize racist entities and we do not accept its existence in our region. As we reject racism which is spreading world wide along with the hegemony of Globalization culture, we refuse the United States endeavors to impose racist categorizations in our region. We insist on our negation to Israel, we do not recognize it as a state and we assert that we do not abide to treaties signed by illegitimate Arab governments supported by the United States.
Fifth: The main aim of such a summit is to form a front of Arab governments that disregards Palestinian rights, implements the American imperialist plot which titled as “The New Middle East” and to impose proxy war on our governments with Iran and resistance groups to serve American interests.
As we declare our rejection Annapolis Summit and to all American-Zionist-Imperialist schemes, we announce our demands as:
1- The comprehensive liberation of the complete Palestinian Lands and the establishment of an independent, liberated and sovereign Palestinians state with Jerusalem as its capital.
2- The return of all Palestinian refugees from the diaspora to the land of Palestine.
3- The departure of all occupation forces from all the countries of the region: Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and the Golan.
4- Lifting of the siege on the Palestinian people.
5- Removing American domination from the region; We do not want American aid, we do not want American support for dictatorial governments in the region, we do not want American intervention, which give provokes sectarian sense in our region, and we do not want American intervention to protect the Zionist entity in the region, we do not want the American exploitation to our wealth and our resources, we do not want neither good or evil from the United States. We want to build our countries depending on our human and natural resources without interference from any outside force. We want our right self - determination.
6- We refuse the establishment of a “Jewish” state in our region; we respect all beliefs and religions, and admit citizenship to all citizens, equally, regardless of their doctrines, religions, or races. We resent the Zionist entity and its violation of human rights: slaughtering our women and children, expelling natives from their mother lands and building racist settlements on it.
We demand our rights according to: Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states:
Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. And according to: Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, G.A. res. 1514 (XV), 15 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 66, U.N. Doc. A/4684 (1961). Which Declares that:
1. The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation.
2. All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
3. Inadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.
4. All armed action or repressive measures of all kinds directed against dependent peoples shall cease in order to enable them to exercise peacefully and freely their right to complete independence, and the integrity of their national territory shall be respected.
5. Immediate steps shall be taken, in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.
6. Any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
7. All States shall observe faithfully and strictly the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the present Declaration on the basis of equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of all States, and respect for the sovereign rights of all peoples and their territorial integrity.
We the undersigned declare our rejection to Annapolis Summit for the following reasons:
First: we repudiate the exploitation of the Palestinian cause to conceal the United States’ failure in its illegitimate imperialist invasion to Iraq. Second: Arab governments attended this summit under the pressure of the United States. The governmental capitulation to the United States does not mean by any means that it articulates the will of Arab people. The United States is aware of the contradiction between Arab people will and its governments’ gluttonies.
Third: The announcement and invitation to this conference, completely ignore the Palestinian right in the land of Palestine, the right of return of refugees, the establishment of a free, independent and sovereign Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital.
Forth: Arab people resent racism, we do not recognize racist entities and we do not accept its existence in our region. As we reject racism which is spreading world wide along with the hegemony of Globalization culture, we refuse the United States endeavors to impose racist categorizations in our region. We insist on our negation to Israel, we do not recognize it as a state and we assert that we do not abide to treaties signed by illegitimate Arab governments supported by the United States.
Fifth: The main aim of such a summit is to form a front of Arab governments that disregards Palestinian rights, implements the American imperialist plot which titled as “The New Middle East” and to impose proxy war on our governments with Iran and resistance groups to serve American interests.
As we declare our rejection Annapolis Summit and to all American-Zionist-Imperialist schemes, we announce our demands as:
1- The comprehensive liberation of the complete Palestinian Lands and the establishment of an independent, liberated and sovereign Palestinians state with Jerusalem as its capital.
2- The return of all Palestinian refugees from the diaspora to the land of Palestine.
3- The departure of all occupation forces from all the countries of the region: Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE and the Golan.
4- Lifting of the siege on the Palestinian people.
5- Removing American domination from the region; We do not want American aid, we do not want American support for dictatorial governments in the region, we do not want American intervention, which give provokes sectarian sense in our region, and we do not want American intervention to protect the Zionist entity in the region, we do not want the American exploitation to our wealth and our resources, we do not want neither good or evil from the United States. We want to build our countries depending on our human and natural resources without interference from any outside force. We want our right self - determination.
6- We refuse the establishment of a “Jewish” state in our region; we respect all beliefs and religions, and admit citizenship to all citizens, equally, regardless of their doctrines, religions, or races. We resent the Zionist entity and its violation of human rights: slaughtering our women and children, expelling natives from their mother lands and building racist settlements on it.
We demand our rights according to: Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states:
Article 1. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3. Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. And according to: Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, G.A. res. 1514 (XV), 15 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 66, U.N. Doc. A/4684 (1961). Which Declares that:
1. The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation.
2. All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
3. Inadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.
4. All armed action or repressive measures of all kinds directed against dependent peoples shall cease in order to enable them to exercise peacefully and freely their right to complete independence, and the integrity of their national territory shall be respected.
5. Immediate steps shall be taken, in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.
6. Any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
7. All States shall observe faithfully and strictly the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the present Declaration on the basis of equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of all States, and respect for the sovereign rights of all peoples and their territorial integrity.
حقائق عن قضية فلسطين
دا ملف وورد عن فلسطين ف التاريخ الحديث بيوضح إن الفلسطينيين ما باعوش أرضهم وما فرضوش فيها..ودا نفس موقفهم دلوقت باستثناء الكلاب اللي رايحين يتعاونوا مع العدو ضد الإخوة الاشقاء، وضد مشروع المقاومة
وكمان بيوضح الضغوط البريطانية على الدول العربية زمان واللي بيشبه الضغوط نفسها دلوقت ف أنابوليس
وإن كانت دلوقت بقت ضغوط "لذيذة" بيستمتع بيها الخونة.. ما هو ضغط الحبيب زي أكل الزبيب!!!
دا مش موضوع تخوين أو مش تخوين.. دي الحقيقة.. أظن إنها واضحححححححححححة
.....
الملف عبارة عن حوار مع الحاج أمين الحسيني، مفتي فلسطين، الله يرحمه
أي نعم هتلاقوا حاجات قديمة من التاريخ بس شبه دلوقت بالظبط
دوس هنا (معلش الرابط مش حلو قوي)
---------
في الحاضر
كاريكاتير معبر للفنان أبو محجوب عن أنابوليس
من جريدة القدس العربي
Brief history of Arab Israeli conflict (I)
A brief history
1895 - 1917
1895
The total population of Palestine was 500,000 of whom 47,000 were Jews who owned 0.5% of the land.
1896
Following the appearance of anti-Semitism in Europe, Theodore Herzl, the founder of Zionism tried to find a political solution for the problem in his book, 'The Jewish State'. He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Argentina or Palestine.
1897
The first Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland, which issued the Basle programme on the colonization of Palestine and the establishment of the World Zionist Organization (WZO).
1904
Fourth Zionist Congress decided to establish a national home for Jews in Argentina.
1906
The Zionist congress decided the Jewish homeland should be Palestine.
1914
With the outbreak of World War I, Britain promised the independence of Arab lands under Ottoman rule, including Palestine, in return for Arab support against Turkey which had entered the war on the side of Germany.
1916
Britain and France signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the Arab region into zones of influence. Lebanon and Syria were assigned to France, Jordan and Iraq to Britain and Palestine was to be internationalized.
1917
Lord Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary sent a letter to the Zionist leader Lord Rothschild which later became known as "The Balfour declaration". He stated that Britain would use its best endeavors to facilitate the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people. At that time the population of Palestine was 700,000 of which 574,000 were Muslims, 74,000 were Christian, and 56,000 were Jews.
1895 - 1917
1895
The total population of Palestine was 500,000 of whom 47,000 were Jews who owned 0.5% of the land.
1896
Following the appearance of anti-Semitism in Europe, Theodore Herzl, the founder of Zionism tried to find a political solution for the problem in his book, 'The Jewish State'. He advocated the creation of a Jewish state in Argentina or Palestine.
1897
The first Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland, which issued the Basle programme on the colonization of Palestine and the establishment of the World Zionist Organization (WZO).
1904
Fourth Zionist Congress decided to establish a national home for Jews in Argentina.
1906
The Zionist congress decided the Jewish homeland should be Palestine.
1914
With the outbreak of World War I, Britain promised the independence of Arab lands under Ottoman rule, including Palestine, in return for Arab support against Turkey which had entered the war on the side of Germany.
1916
Britain and France signed the Sykes-Picot Agreement, which divided the Arab region into zones of influence. Lebanon and Syria were assigned to France, Jordan and Iraq to Britain and Palestine was to be internationalized.
1917
Lord Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary sent a letter to the Zionist leader Lord Rothschild which later became known as "The Balfour declaration". He stated that Britain would use its best endeavors to facilitate the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people. At that time the population of Palestine was 700,000 of which 574,000 were Muslims, 74,000 were Christian, and 56,000 were Jews.
The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem
1917-1988
PART I
PART I
1917-1947
The question of Palestine was brought before the United Nations shortly after the end of the Second World War. The origins of the Palestine problem as an international issue, however, lie in events occurring towards the end of the First World War. These events led to a League of Nations decision to place Palestine under the administration of Great Britain as the Mandatory Power under the Mandates System adopted by the League. In principle, the Mandate was meant to be in the nature of a transitory phase until Palestine attained the status of a fully independent nation, a status provisionally recognized in the League's Covenant, but in fact the Mandate's historical evolution did not result in the emergence of Palestine as an independent nation.The decision on the Mandate did not take into account the wishes of the people of Palestine, despite the Covenant's requirements that "the wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory". This assumed special significance because, almost five years before receiving the mandate from the League of Nations, the British Government had given commitments to the Zionist Organization regarding the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine, for which Zionist leaders had pressed a claim of "historical connection" since their ancestors had lived in Palestine two thousand years earlier before dispersing in the "Diaspora". During the period of the Mandate, the Zionist Organization worked to secure the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. The indigenous people of Palestine, whose forefathers had inhabited the land for virtually the two preceding millennia felt this design to be a violation of their natural and inalienable rights. They also viewed it as an infringement of assurances of independence given by the Allied Powers to Arab leaders in return for their support during the war. The result was mounting resistance to the Mandate by Palestinian Arabs, followed by resort to violence by the Jewish community as the Second World War drew to a close.After a quarter of a century of the Mandate, Great Britain submitted what had become "the Palestine problem" to the United Nations on the ground that the Mandatory Power was faced with conflicting obligations that had proved irreconcilable. At this point, when the United Nations itself was hardly two years old, violence ravaged Palestine. After investigating various alternatives the United Nations proposed the partitioning of Palestine into two independent States, one Palestinian Arab and the other Jewish, with Jerusalem internationalized. The partition plan did not bring peace to Palestine, and the prevailing violence spread into a Middle East war halted only by United Nations action. One of the two States envisaged in the partition plan proclaimed its independence as Israel and, in a series of successive wars, its territorial control expanded to occupy all of Palestine. The Palestinian Arab State envisaged in the partition plan never appeared on the world's map and, over the following 30 years, the Palestinian people have struggled for their lost rights. The Palestine problem quickly widened into the Middle East dispute between the Arab States and Israel. From 1948 there have been wars and destruction, forcing millions of Palestinians into exile, and engaging the United Nations in a continuing search for a solution to a problem which came to possess the potential of a major source of danger for world peace. In the course of this search, a large majority of States Members of the United Nations have recognized that the Palestine issue continues to lie at the heart of the Middle East problem, the most serious threat to peace with which the United Nations must contend. Recognition is spreading in world opinion that the Palestinian people must be assured its inherent inalienable right of national self-determination for peace to be restored. In 1947 the United Nations accepted the responsibility of finding a just solution for the Palestine issue, and still grapples with this task today. Decades of strife and politico-legal arguments have clouded the basic issues and have obscured the origins and evolution of the Palestine problem, which this study attempts to clarify.
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